Contrasting Health Effects of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes Lies in Their Genomes: Analysis of P450s,Ferredoxins, and Secondary Metabolite Clusters |
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Authors: | Bridget Valeria Zinhle Nkosi Tiara Padayachee Dominik Gront David R Nelson Khajamohiddin Syed |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (B.V.Z.N.); (T.P.);2.Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;3.Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA |
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Abstract: | Species belonging to the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes represent over 90% of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Changes in the ratio of these two bacterial groups were found to have contrasting health effects, including obesity and inflammatory diseases. Despite the availability of many bacterial genomes, comparative genomic studies on the gene pools of these two bacterial groups concerning cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), ferredoxins, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) are not reported. This study is aimed to address this research gap. The study revealed the presence of diverse sets of P450s, ferredoxins, and smBGCs in their genomes. Bacteroidetes species have the highest number of P450 families, ferredoxin cluster-types, and smBGCs compared to Firmicutes species. Only four P450 families, three ferredoxin cluster types, and five smBGCs are commonly shared between these two bacterial groups. Considering the above facts, we propose that the contrasting effects of these two bacterial groups on the host are partly due to the distinct nature of secondary metabolites produced by these organisms. Thus, the cause of the contrasting health effects of these two bacterial groups lies in their gene pools. |
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Keywords: | Bacteroidetes Firmicutes Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ferredoxins secondary metabolite gene clusters human gut microbiome human health |
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