Thermodynamic study of the reduction of titanium magnetite concentrate with solid carbon

In this article, a study of the thermodynamics of reduction of titanium-magnetite concentrate with solid carbon in different stoichiometric proportions (carbon-concentrate 1:1, 2:1 and 2.5:1) in the temperature range of 973 to 1273 K is presented. The Gibbs free energy ΔG° _T = f(T), log₁₀ P _{CO 2}/P _CO = f(T), and electromotive force (EMF) = f(T) of the probable reaction Fe₃O₄ + C = 3FeO + CO in the concentrate is studied by the galvanic cell with different reference electrode-air and Ni/NiO. The X-ray analysis indicates different behaviors of the reduction process with solid carbon when 1:1, 2:1, and 2.5:1 ratios of carbon/concentrate were used. The best result is obtained when the ratio is 2.5:1. Some amorphous mass (diatomite) is also observed. The highest concentration of CO (62 to 65 pct) in the gas phase was observed at a carbon-to-concentrate ratio 2:1 and the lowest concentration of CO (40 to 45 pct) at the ratio 1:1.