高速载流电枢表面瞬态温度场仿真与测量

高速滑动电接触属于特殊工况下的摩擦磨损问题。大载流条件下，电枢和滑轨接触表面间的瞬态温升是导致材料失效的重要原因。为研究引起电枢温升的因素，在传热学理论的基础上建立了电接触副的二维有限元模型，通过控制单一变量的方法，研究了各仿真参数对电枢温升的影响规律。研究结果表明：电枢最高温度分别随电流、滑行距离、接触面摩擦因数的增大呈增长趋势，随接触压力的增大呈“U”型变化趋势。在此基础上，进行了电接触构件表面温度测量实验，实验结果与理论分析结果基本吻合，表明所建仿真模型的正确性，为大载流高速滑动电接触中接触副材料的选取及如何降低温升、提高电接触性能提供了参考依据。

Simulation and Measurement of Surface Transient Temperature Field of High-speed Current-carrying Armature

The high-speed sliding electrical contact leads to the friction and wear problems under special conditions.The transient temperature rise between the armature and the rail is a main factor to cause the material failure in the condition of big current.In order to study the factors to cause the temperature rise of armature,a two-dimensional finite element model of friction pair is established based on the theory of heat transfer,and the method for controlling the single variable is used to study the influence rule of simulation parameters on the armature temperature rise.The results show that the maximum temperature of armature increases with the increase in current,sliding distance and friction coefficient of contact surface.The maximum temperature varies in a "U" trend with the increase in the contact pressure.On this basis,the surface temperature measurement experiment of electrical contact element was conducted.The experimental results are consistent basically with the theoretical analysis results,which shows the effectiveness of the simulation model.This research achievement is expected to provide a technique basis for how to select the appropriate material of the contact pair,reduce the temperature rise,and improve the electrical contact property.