基于气流粉碎法的超细类球形高氯酸铵批量制备及其表征

利用经过改进的气流粉碎机直接制备了超细类球形高氯酸铵(AP)粒子，通过扫描电子显微镜、激光干法粒度仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征了原料AP、超细非球形AP和超细类球形AP 的形貌、粒度、样品成分和晶体结构。对同粒度超细类球形AP与非球形AP粒子的热分解性能、机械感度、堆积密度、吸湿性与结块性进行了测试。结果表明，利用气流粉碎法直接制备的超细AP粒子基本为类球形，粒度大约2 μm，粒度均匀，表面光滑无缺陷，且分散性良好，过程无杂质引入。球形化后AP粒子相比同粒度非球形AP粒子：热稳定性略微提高，撞击感度降低37.6%，摩擦感度降低26.7%；松装堆积密度提高了10.7%，振实密度提高了24%；吸湿与结块性明显改善。

Mass Preparation of Ultrafine Sphere-like AP Particles by Jet Milling and Their Characterization

Ultrafine sphere-like ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles are prepared by using an improved jet mill.The morphologies,particle size distributions,sample compositions and molecular structures of raw,ultrafine non-spherical and sphere-like APs are characterized by using scanning electron microscope,micron laser particle size analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractomer.The thermal decomposition,impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity,bulk density,hygroscopicity and caking of ultrafine sphere-like and non-spherical AP particles with same size are measured.The results indicate that the ultrafine AP particles prepared by jet milling method are basically sphere-like with particle size of 2 μm.The AP particles also have the characteristics of uniform particle size,smooth surface without defect,good dispersion and high purity.Compared with non-spherical AP particles with the same size,the thermal stability of sphere-like AP particles is improved slightly,and their impact and friction sensitivities are decreased bv 37.6％ and 26.7％,respectivelv:the apparent bulk densitv is increased by 10.7％,the tap density is increased by 24％;hygroscopicity and caking are effectively improved.