Exploring microwave irradiation as a method to disinfect contact lens cases |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Agriculture and Medical Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, 506 Administration Drive, Lexington, KY 40506, United States;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 506 Administration Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;2. Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel;3. Naomi Vision Boutique, Jerusalem, Israel;4. College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK;1. School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, NSW, Australia;2. College of Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;3. Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, NSW, Australia;4. Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, NSW, Australia;5. Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom;1. Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Waterloo, Canada;2. School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada;3. Schaeffer Eye Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;4. BBR Optometry, Hereford, United Kingdom;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;5. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea;6. Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy;2. Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry, Vinci, Italy;3. School of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences (Optics and Optometry), University of Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | PurposeBiofilm formation caused by infrequent contact lens case replacement and the ineffectiveness of multi-purpose solutions (MPS) on biofilm removal is associated with high rates of bacterial keratitis infections. This study demonstrated biofilm elimination from the contact lens case by microwave irradiation.MethodsStaphylococcus aureus biofilms indicative of 3–9 months of contact wear were cultured in contact lens cases and visualized with crystal violet (CV) staining. Biofilms in contact cases were then exposed to four treatment regimens: No treatment (n = 8), 45 s microwave irradiation (n = 8), tap water (n = 6), and MPS (n = 9). Bacterial survival was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay using streak dilutions.ResultsVisualization of the biofilms through CV staining revealed that biofilms coalesce between ribs of the contact case. In 5/8 cases no CFU were cultivated from the case after treatment with microwave irradiation. In tap water and MPS the first dilution averaged 6 ± 2 and 31 ± 13 CFUs per plate, respectively, while microwave irradiation averaged < 1 CFU per plate. In Dilution 2, the average reduced to 0.7 ± 0.7 and 6 ± 5 CFUs per plate for tap water and MPS, respectively, while microwave irradiation had 0 CFUs in Dilution 2.ConclusionBiofilms that coalesce between the ribs of the contact case pose a threat because this area is difficult to thoroughly scrub and could act as a basis for infection through fouling of contact lenses. Of the four treatment regimens, microwave irradiation displayed the most consistent and highest rate of bacterial eradication. Tap water was less effective compared to microwave irradiation, and poses other harmful side effects, but greatly reduced CFU count compared to no treatment. MPS displayed the poorest bacterial eradication of the treatments. Thus, microwave irradiation is worth further investigation as a viable in-home disinfecting option. |
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| Keywords: | Contact lens cases Case disinfection Keratitis Biofilms Microwave irradiation Multi-purpose solution |
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