Effects of contact lens wear on tear inflammatory biomarkers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal;2. Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Portugal;1. Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Waterloo, Canada;2. School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada;3. Schaeffer Eye Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;4. BBR Optometry, Hereford, United Kingdom;1. Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, IL, USA;2. OCULUS Inc, Arlington, Washington;3. North Suburban Vision Consultants and International Keratoconus Academy, Deerfield IL, USA;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia;2. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia;3. Greenslopes Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia;4. Layton Vision Foundation, Brisbane, Australia;1. Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;2. Dr. Heiko Pult - Optometry and Vision Science Research, Steingasse 15, 69469 Weinheim, Germany;3. Contact Lens & Anterior Eye Research Unit (CLEAR), School of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;5. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea;6. Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | PurposeThis review article intends to critically review the available literature relating to the behavior of tear-borne inflammatory biomarkers during contact lens wear.MethodsThe workflow protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement recommendations.An exhaustive search was carried out using the PubMed database. The analysis included a list of 34 eligible clinical trials: Thirty addressed the use of soft contact lenses, three focused on rigid gas permeable lenses; and one on scleral lenses.The biomarkers’ presence was described as changes in the molecular concentration compared to control groups – non-contact lens wearers – or baseline measurements.ResultsContact lens wear inflates the concentration of several inflammatory molecules in tears. Most relevant changes were found for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, LTB4, and MMP-9.The use of rigid gas permeable lenses seems to produce a more robust sub-clinical inflammatory response than soft contact lenses, with significant contributions of IL-8, MMP-9, and EGF.Reusable lenses that are worn continuously or on a daily modality are more likely to raise the expression of biomarkers compared to daily disposables.ConclusionMechanical trauma, hypoxia, and wearing schedules may be associated with a distinct sub-clinical inflammatory response in contact lens wearers. The relationship between these responses and contact lens-induced discomfort remains unclear, as the existing scientific evidence is still scarce.More clinical studies are still needed to prove the impact of reverse geometry and scleral lens wear on the behavior of tear-borne biomarkers. |
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| Keywords: | Contact lenses Pro-inflammatory mediators Cytokines Tear biomarkers |
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