燃油组分对车用汽油机排放特性的影响分析

综述了燃油中烷烃、烯烃、芳烃等组分对于车用汽油机排放特性的影响。未燃烷烃是烷烃燃料HC排放的主要成分，烯烃燃料的HC排放主要包括丙烯、异丁烯、戊烯等，1,3-丁二烯的排放随燃油烯烃含量的增加而增加；苯、甲苯、乙苯等的排放随芳烃含量的增加而增加；发动机燃烧工况如空燃比、点火角度等对各种HC排放的具体组成有显著影响。因此，不仅需要加强降低燃油烯烃、芳烃含量的研究，也应该借助发动机燃烧过程的优化来降低因烯烃、芳烃含量高对排放造成的不利影响。

EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITIONS ON THE EMISSIONS OF GASOLINE ENGINE

Fuel compositions have great impact on gasoline engine emission. The effects of alkanes, olefins and aromatics on the emissions are summarized. Unburned alkanes are the main part of hydrocarbons (HC) emission for alkane fuels; for olefin fuels, propylene, isobutene and pentene are the main components, further more, the 1,3-butadiene content in HC emission increases with the increase of olefin content in gasoline. The content of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene in HC emission increases with the increase of aromatics content in fuel. The operating conditions, such as air fuel ratio, spark timing and etc, affect the constitution of HC emission significantly. Therefore, it is important not only to investigate how to reduce the contents of olefins and aromatics in fuel, but also to reduce the negative effect caused from high olefins and aromatics fuel by optimizing engine combustion process.