Effect of synthesis temperature on the phase structure,morphology and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2 as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

Ti₃C₂, the most widely studied MXene, was successfully synthesised by etching Al layers from Ti₃AlC₂ in HF solution. Given its distinct 2D layered structure, Ti₃C₂ is a promising anode material in Li-ion batteries because of its efficient ion transport, available large surface areas for improved ion adsorption and fast surface redox reactions. Herein, the effects of synthesis temperature on the phase structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were investigated. The materials synthesised at different temperatures were characterised by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Optimal etching occurred at 100?°C, and the synthesised Ti₃C₂ exhibited smooth surface and large layer space. The synthesised Ti₃C₂, as anode material for Li-ion batteries, can accommodate more Li⁺ than those of others, and it exhibits the most ideal electrochemical performance.