基于水库-河道耦合关系的水库水沙联合调度模型研究与应用

为使多沙河流水库既能实现防洪、发电和生态等综合效益,同时又能兼顾下游河道维持一定过流能力的目标,运用动态规划方法构建了基于水库-河道耦合关系的水库多目标优化调度数学模型,集成了水库减淤效益、发电效益、下游河道河床演变3个计算子模块。其中下游河道河床演变计算子模块是整个数学模型的核心模块,它的年度计算结果既作为水库调度寻优的判别条件,又通过实时反馈更新了下一年度水库优化调度计算的边界条件。将该模型应用到黄河小浪底水库水沙联合调度的研究中,结果表明,在维持下游河道4000 m3/s左右的中水河槽的基础上,构建的模型能充分权衡下游防洪、库区减淤、电站发电之间的关系,实现了水库综合效益的优化。该结论为研究多沙河流水库水沙联合优化调度提供了新的思路和理论依据。

Research and application of water-sediment co-scheduling model of reservoir based on reservoir-channels coupling relationships

In order to raise comprehensive benefit of reservoir on sediment-laden river, considering flood control, power generation, ecological remediation and discharge capacity maintenance of downstream chan-nel,a mathematical model of multi-objective optimization of reservoir has been established by using dynam-ic programming method on the basis of reservoir-channels coupling relationships. It is composed of computa-tion modules of sediment scour,power benefit and riverbed evolution in downstream channel. Among them, the riverbed evolution module is the focus of the whole mathematical model. The result of calculation is re-garded as not only the critical state for the optimization dispatching, but also the boundary conditions for the next year. The model has been applied to the research of water-sand joint operation of Xiaolangdi reser-voir. The results show that the model can effectively coordinate the benefits of flood control and power gen-eration, and achieve comprehensive benefit on the basis of maintaining discharge capacity around 4000m³/s. It is of great significance to solve the problem of water-sediment coordinative optimized dispatch in the res-ervoir of sediment-laden river.