中国与瑞士大坝安全监控机制比较及启示

依据"中瑞大坝安全加固项目"成果,简要归纳了瑞士的大坝安全法规和安全管理模式,深入剖析了瑞士的大坝安全监控机制;总结分析了我国水库大坝的安全管理机制和安全监控体系;在此基础上,对比分析了两国水库大坝安全监控机制的异同,认为瑞士已形成了职责明确、实用高效的大坝安全监控机制,我国已建立的大坝安全监控机制与瑞士相似,但安全管理力度不足,主动监控意识不强,实际效果相差甚远,对此,我国可借鉴瑞士大坝安全监控的成熟模式,增强主动安全监控意识;同时,建立以风险管理理念为基础的安全监控体系,并引入物联网等先进技术,提升量多面广小型水库的安全监控水平。

Comparison and enlightenment of Sino-Swiss dam safety monitoring and controlling mechanisms

Based on the achievements of Sino-Swiss Cooperation Project on Dam Safety Enhancement, the safety regulations and safety management modes of dams in Switzerland were summarized briefly, and the corresponding safety monitoring and controlling mechanisms of the dams were deeply analyzed in this paper. The safety management mechanism and safety monitoring system of the reservoirs and dams in China were also summarized and analyzed. Based on the results, the similarities and differences of the dam safety monitoring mechanisms between the two countries were compared and analyzed. A clear, practical and effective dam safety monitoring mechanism has been formed in Switzerland. The dam safety monitoring mechanism established in China is similar to that in Switzerland, but it is insufficient and the awareness of active monitoring is not strong enough, resulting in a quite different actual result. Therefore, China can learn from the mature modes of dam safety monitoring in Switzerland and enhance the awareness of active safety monitoring. Meanwhile, the safety monitoring system based on the concept of risk management should be set up, and advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things are suggested to be introduced to improve the safety monitoring level for small reservoirs with the characteristics of great numbers and various functions.