柿竹园多金属矿床群空区条件下的崩落特性研究

 柿竹园多金属矿床采用分段凿岩阶段落矿有底柱阶段矿房法开采10多年，所设计的36个矿房已全部采动，因多种原因所留采空区未充填处理，形成约260×104 m3的群采空区。由于部分矿柱的失稳倒塌，致使顶板最大暴露面积达8 000 m2。如何立足于现有的开采技术条件，实现矿山的可持续发展和安全开采，且高效合理地处理采空区，经多种开采方案的对比分析，拟采用崩落法开采，故对矿岩体的崩落特性等开展研究，供类似矿山参考。(1) 采用RMR，Q，MRMR和GSI对柿竹园矿的矿岩进行了工程地质评价和采用Hoek-Brown节理强度理论进行岩体力学参数的确定。(2) 通过对群采空区下留存矿柱的稳定性分析和三维弹塑性有限元对多种采矿方案进行的模拟对比研究，选定崩落开采的采矿方法。(3) 采用最新的Laubscher分类可崩性图方法和Mathews稳定图方法对柿竹园矿的强制崩落面积、诱导崩落面积和自然崩落面积进行研究。(4) 采用径向基函数方法对崩落开采的岩层移动参数进行预计，以及对不同采空面积下的缓冲层高度进行分析。(5) 为达到安全开采和研究崩落开采地压活动规律的目的，设计了声发射、位移与应力等地压监测网络，提出地压监测预警的研究路线方法。通过现场预警实例的验证，获得较好的应用效果。

RESEARCH ON CAVING CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIZHUYUAN POLYMETALLIC MINE UNDER MULTI-MINED-OUT-AREA CONDITIONS

The Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine is mining by room-and-pillar open stope method for more than 10 years. After 36 designed rooms are mined out，there left 260×104 cubic meters mined-out areas with 8 000 square meters of the maximum continuous exposed face of roof without filling for some reasons. For the sustainable mine development and the safe mining，one main issue is how to management of multi-mined-out-area and the pillar mining. After comparison of many calculation methods，the caving method is chosen. Some useful results are achieved as follows. (1) After the proper evaluation of engineering geology with RMR，Q，MRMR and GSI systems，the mechanical parameters of rock mass are derived by generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. (2) After the stability of residual pillar is calculated by Bieniawski method，many mining schemes for the determination of mining method are modeled by three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element method. Based on the modeling and analytical results，the caving method is finally selected. (3) Caving areas for each stage of caving mining is figured out by the latest Laubscher caving stability graph method and extended Mathews stability method. (4) Strata displacement parameters such as caving angle are determined by the radial basis function neural network；the height of cushioning layers for different mined-out-areas is established. (5) For the purpose of safety mining，the ground pressure monitoring system such as acoustic emission，displacement and pressure that are suitable for the hard rock mining are designed and installed. The technological routes of the ground monitoring and an early warning case are also listed，which are proven to be successful with practical data.