基于生态安全的阿瓦提灌区生态需水量研究

阿瓦提灌区地处塔里木盆地西北边缘,气候极端干旱,降水稀少,蒸发强烈。近年来,由于大批开荒、水资源不合理利用、土壤盐渍化等导致灌区生态环境越发脆弱,阻碍其经济的可持续发展。在灌区实地考察、分析整理多年新疆统计资料的基础上,考虑灌区生态用水安全,针对不同植被生态需水特点,分别采用彭曼公式法、定额法和比值法等相适宜的生态需水研究方法,计算其生态需水量。结果表明:阿瓦提灌区生态需水总量为13. 37×10~8m~3,其中,河道外生态需水量为6. 8×10~8m~3,河道内生态需水量为6. 57×10~8m~3。通过生态需水量研究,提出适宜的用水建议,为阿瓦提灌区生态系统的健康与稳定提供一定的理论依据。

Study on ecological water demand in Awati Irrigation Area based on ecological security

The Awati Irrigation District is located on the northwestern edge of the Tarim Basin. The climate is extremely arid with low precipitation and strong evaporation. In recent years, due to a large number of land reclamation, irrational use of water resources, and soil salinization, the ecological environment in irrigated areas become increasingly fragile and hindered its sustainable economic development. Based on the field investigation and analysis of Xinjiang''s statistical data of many years, this paper considers the ecological water safety of irrigation districts, and adopts the appropriate ecological water requirements such as Penman formula, quota method and ratio method for different vegetation ecological water demand characteristics to calculate its ecological water demand. The results showed that the total ecological water demand in the Awati Irrigation Area is 13.37×10⁸ m³, of which the ecological water requirement outside the river is 6.8×10⁸ m³, and the ecological water requirement in the river is 6.57×10⁸ m³. Through the ecological water demand studies, the water use recommendations are proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the health and stability of the Awati irrigation area ecosystem.