基于Flow-3D尾矿库漫顶溃坝过程数值模拟

尾矿库是一个具有高势能的危险源,一旦发生溃坝,将对下游居民的生命财产造成严重威胁。为了提高尾矿库溃坝灾害预测与应急保障能力,本文以某尾矿库为工程背景,开展尾矿库溃坝的室内模型实验,并结合Flow-3D数值仿真技术对尾矿库漫顶溃坝后尾砂流的演进过程进行深入研究。将室内模型实验和数值模拟结果相互对比,溃坝过程基本吻合,验证了较小缩比尺模型实验的准确性以及数值模拟的可靠性。数值模拟研究结果表明：溃水的淹没高度和断面流量随溃坝时间的变化整体表现为前期快速增长及后期的较缓下降, 且随着演进距离的增加, 淹没高度和断面流量峰值都明显降低;下游地形影响溃坝尾砂流的流速和演进方向,溃坝尾砂流在下游弯道处出现“爬高”现象,弯道两岸淹没高度不同,弯道凹岸淹没高度高于另一侧;沟谷与河道的连接处,溃水向河道上下游两边扩散,在河道入口处形成“冲积扇”堵塞河道。

Numerical simulation of overtopping and dam collapse process in tailings ponds based on Flow-3D

Tailings pond is a high-risk source with high potential energy. Once a dam breaks, it will pose a serious threat to the lives and property of downstream residents. In order to improve the prediction and emergency support capabilities of tailings dam failure disasters, this article takes a certain tailings dam as the engineering background, conducts indoor model experiments of tailings dam failure, and combines Flow-3D numerical simulation technology to conduct in-depth research on the evolution process of tailings flow after overtopping of tailings dam failure. The indoor model experiment and numerical simulation results were compared, and the dam failure process was basically consistent, verifying the accuracy of the small-scale model experiment and the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulation research indicate that the inundation height and cross-sectional flow rate of the dam break show a rapid increase in the early stage and a slow decrease in the later stage as the dam break time changes, and as the evolution distance increases, the peak values of the inundation height and cross-sectional flow rate significantly decrease; The downstream terrain affects the flow velocity and evolution direction of dam break tailings flow; The tailings flow of dam break occurs a phenomenon of "climbing" at the downstream bend, with different submergence heights on both sides of the bend, and the submergence height on the concave bank of the bend is higher than that on the other side; At the connection between the valley and the river channel, the collapsed water spreads towards both upstream and downstream sides of the river channel, forming an "alluvial fan" at the entrance of the river channel to block the river channel.