400 kA铝电解槽异形阴极炭块对阴极电压降的影响

传统阴极炭块顶部是平坦的，阴极铝液流动时几乎没有阻力。使用表面凸起的阴极炭块进行研究，目的是增加铝电解槽中铝液流动的阻力，起到减波和减少铝液流动速度的作用，以此降低水平电流密度、阴极电压和铝液流速，保障铝电解槽生产安全稳定。通过COMSOL软件进行模拟，发现随着阴极炭块表面凸起块数的增加，阴极压降和水平电流密度均呈下降趋势，其中阴极压降最大降幅为39.8 mV，水平电流密度最大降幅为2 087 A/m2，并对某铝厂400 kA铝电解槽使用异形阴极炭块后进行测试，测试结果与模拟结果一致。

Effect of Special-Shaped Cathode Carbon Block on Cathode Voltage Drop in 400 kA Aluminum Electrolytic Cell

The top of the conventional cathode carbon block is flat, and there is little resistance to the flow of the cathode molten aluminum. The purpose of this research is to increase the resistance of molten aluminum flow in the aluminum electrolytic cell, play a role in reducing the wave and reducing the flow speed of the molten aluminum, so as to reduce the horizontal current density, cathode voltage and aluminum liquid flow rate, and ensure the safety and stability of the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell. Through simulation by COMSOL software, it is found that as the number of protruding blocks on the surface of the cathode carbon block increases, both the cathode voltage drop and horizontal current density show a decreasing trend. The maximum 4 cathode voltage drop is 39.8 mV, and the maximum drop of horizontal current density is 2 087 A/m2. The 400 kA aluminum electrolyzer using special-shaped cathode carbon blocks in an aluminum plant is tested, and the test results are consistent with the simulation results.