碳中和背景下的赤泥综合利用现状

作为氧化铝工业过程伴生的固体废弃物，赤泥的规模化消纳与高值化利用一直以来是能源、化工领域的研究热点。在“碳中和”目标的引领下，有必要对赤泥的无害化处置及综合利用技术进行重新归纳与审视。首先从赤泥的基本理化性质出发，面向不同CO₂浓度的应用场合，分析了赤泥直接在CO₂捕集中的利用现状，对捕集装置、技术及赤泥组分的转化进行了综述。其次，基于赤泥自身丰富的多孔结构与碱金属类的化学组分，论述了以赤泥为原料的高值固体多孔材料(如沸石分子筛)合成与应用的相关研究，涉及材料制备工艺、CO₂捕集效果等。最后，从赤泥基固体催化剂的角度，论述了其在CO₂加氢、化学链燃烧等领域的催化效果。为赤泥在CO₂捕集转化领域的应用现状提供了全面的认识。

Status of Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud in the Context of Carbon Neutrality

As a solid waste associated with the alumina industrial process, the large-scale consumption and high-value utilization of red mud has always attracted enormous attentions in the fields of energy and chemical industry. Under the guidance of the goal of "carbon neutrality", it is necessary to summarize and review the harmless disposal and comprehensive utilization of red mud. Firstly, based on the basic physical and chemical properties of red mud, the utilization status of red mud in CO2 capture with different CO2 concentrations was analyzed, and the capture device, technology and the transformation of red mud components were reviewed. Secondly, based on the abundant porous structure of red mud and its intrinsic chemical components of alkali metals, the synthesis and application of high-value solid porous materials (such as zeolite molecular sieve) using red mud as raw material were discussed, including the material preparation process and CO2 capture effect, and so on. Finally, the catalytic effect of red mud-based solid catalysts in the fields of CO2 hydrogenation and chemical chain combustion were discussed. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the current status of the application of red mud in the field of CO2 capture and conversion.