纳米粉碎对3种食用菌风味特征及减盐增鲜效果的影响

目的：优化食用菌的加工工艺，评估其作为风味剂在食品工业中的应用潜力。方法：使用离子色谱仪和高效液相色谱仪对样品的非挥发性滋味成分含量进行测定，并通过等鲜浓度值来评估样品的鲜味；运用GC-MS、电子鼻和电子舌来检测样本中的挥发性香气成分，观察纳米粉碎前后的微观结构，并进行增鲜减盐试验。结果：纳米粉碎后，大球盖菇和双孢蘑菇的鲜味氨基酸、呈味核苷酸和有机酸含量显著增加，挥发性化合物的种类和数量显著增加，而纳米粉碎对草菇的风味成分影响较小；电子舌结果表明，经纳米粉碎的样品在鲜味和咸味方面均有明显提升，加入0.5%纳米粉碎双孢蘑菇后能够增加0.28%的盐浓度，同时其鲜味值提高了145%。结论：纳米粉碎技术能够提高食品的口感，在食品制造业中可以将纳米粉碎后的食用菌粉作为替代盐和风味增强剂的有效选择。

Effect of flavor characteristics and salt reduction and flavor enhancement of three edible fungi by Nano-pulverization

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the processing technology of edible fungi and evaluate its application potential as flavoring agents in the food industry. Methods: The content of non-volatile flavor components of the samples was determined by ion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the umami of the samples was evaluated by equal umami concentration. The volatile aroma components in the samples were detected by GC-MS, electronic nose and electronic tongue. The microstructure before and after Nano-pulverization was observed, and the experiment of increasing freshness and reducing salt was carried out. Results: After Nano-pulverization, the contents of umami amino acids, flavor nucleotides and organic acids in Stropharia rugosoannulata and A. bisporus increased significantly, and the types and quantities of volatile compounds increased significantly, while Nano-pulverization had little effect on the flavor components of Volvariella volvacea. The results of the electronic tongue showed that the pulverized samples were significantly improved in both umami and saltiness, the addition of 0.5% Nano-pulverization A. bisporus could increase the salt concentration by 0.28%, and the umami value was increased by 145%. Conclusion: Nano-pulverization technology can improve the taste of food. Nano-pulverized edible fungus powder can be used as an effective alternative to salt and flavor enhancers in the food manufacturing industry.