微波水热法合成纳米BaTiO3粉体的掺杂改性与性能研究

以正钛酸四正丁酯(C_(16)H_(36)O_4Ti)、Ba(OH)_2·8H_2O、NbCl_5和NaOH试剂为原料,利用微波水热法,制备了不同含量Nb掺杂的纳米BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06)粉体。然后,将纳米BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3粉体压制成形并进行烧结处理,获得了不同含量Nb掺杂的BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对纳米BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3粉体的物相结构、表面形貌和晶粒尺寸进行分析,采用振动磁强计对BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷的烧结密度和磁性能进行分析。XRD和拉曼光谱分析表明,不同含量Nb掺杂的纳米BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3(x=0,0.03,0.06)粉体具有四方特性;SEM形貌分析表明,纳米BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3(x=0,0.03,0.06)粉体由粒径极细、分散性良好的球形颗粒组成,随着Nb含量的增加,粉体的颗粒尺寸也不断增加,其平均粒径分别约为60,90和120 nm;烧结密度研究表明,随着Nb含量的增加,BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷的烧结密度不断增大,当Nb含量为0.06时,BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷的烧结密度达到最大;磁性能分析表明,当Nb掺杂量为0.03时,BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷的剩余磁化强度最大(8.235μC/cm~2),且其矫顽力(5.762 kV/cm)与不掺杂Nb的BaTiO_3陶瓷(5.556 kV/cm)相差不大。因此,Nb掺杂量为0.03时,BaTi_(1-x)Nb_xO_3压电陶瓷的压电性能最优。