不同有机肥对烟田土壤微生物和烟叶品质和产量的影响

摘 要:通过大田对比试验，分析了不同类型的有机肥对烟田烟株根际与非根际微生物以及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明，施用有机肥可以明显增加烟田土壤根际细菌和放线菌的数量，其中施用饼肥+腐殖酸的烟田，根际与非根际土壤中细菌数量较多，烟株生长中、后期的根际放线菌数量较高；施用氨基酸肥的烟田，烟株生长前期根际放线菌数量较高；施用有机肥没有增加土壤中真菌的数量。不同有机肥可以显著提高烟叶产量、产值和上中等烟比例，每公顷增产87.45-299.95 kg，增产值912.13 -2717.88 元，上中等烟比例提高1.35-5.26%，以饼肥+腐殖酸和氨基酸处理最优。有机肥明显改善了中部初烤烟叶的化学成分，总糖含量增加1.91-3.83%、还原糖含量增加2.43-4.79%、钾含量增加0.17-0.41%，降低上部初烤烟叶的烟碱含量0.12-0.34%、氯含量0.1-0.37%，协调了糖碱比、氮碱比，提高了钾氯比值。 

The effect of different organic fertilizer on soil microbe and the quality and yield of tobacco leaves

Abstract: Through the contrast experiment, the effect of different types of organic fertilizer on soil microbe and the quality and yield of tobacco leaves on carrot stubble-field was analyzed. The results showed that the more application of organic fertilizer can increase the amount of germ and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil. There was more germ in root and non-rooted soil under the treatment of adding more cake fertilizer and humic acid. The number of actinomycetes in root soil was larger in the prophase of the tobacco growing under the treatment of amino acid. The amount of epiphyte can not be increased in the treat of adding organic fertilizer. More organic fertilizer can increase the yield at a rate of 87.45-299.95kg per hm2 and production value at a rate of 912.13-2717.88Yuan per hm2. The proportion of high quality tobacco leaves were promoted by 1.35-5.26% per hm2. The treatment of cake fertilizer plus humic acid and amino acid was the best. The more application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of total sugar 1.91-3.83%, reducing sugar 2.43-4.79%, potassium 0.17-0.41% of the cured tobacco leaves, decrease the content of nicotine of upper position leaves 0.12-0.34% and chlorine 0.1-0.37%.The sugar/nicotine nitrogen/nicotine have been improved. The potassium/chlorine has been increased.