不同产地文冠果籽特性及其籽油理化指标差异分析

目的 研究不同产地文冠果种子特性及籽油的脂肪酸组成。方法 从全国11个省(区)收集21份文冠果材料, 对其形态特征和种仁含油率等指标进行测定, 进一步采用CO2超临界萃取技术提取文冠果籽油, 利用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)检测其脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果 不同产地文冠果种子的横径和纵径差异不大, 但千粒重、种仁重和种仁出油率有显著差异。其中, 山东省临沂市所产的文冠果种仁含油量为最高, 达50.49%。文冠果籽油中共检测出棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸、芥酸和神经酸等7种脂肪酸。不同产地籽油中单不饱和脂肪酸含量在35.06%~55.96%之间, 多不饱和脂肪酸在32.60%~64.64%之间, 不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著。结论 文冠果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高, 还含有少见的功能性神经酸, 是营养价值很高的一种木本油料作物。综合分析种子形态和脂肪酸组成, 发现内蒙古赤峰和山东临沂地区的文冠果种子千粒重、种仁出油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其他地区, 品质较优。

Differential analysis of seed characteristics and physicochemical indexes of seed oil of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. from different provenances

Objective To study the differences in seed characteristics and physicochemical indexes of seed oil of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. from various regions. Methods Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. seeds were collected from 21 regions nationwide, and their morphological characteristics were analyzed. Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract seed oil, and its fatty acid composition and relative content were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results There was no significant difference in seed length and width among different provenances, but there were significant differences in 1000-grain weight, kernel weight, and kernel oil yield. The highest kernel oil yield was found in samples from Linyi City, Shandong Province, which reached 50.49%. Seven kinds of fatty acid components were detected in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. seed oil, including palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, and neuric acid. There was a significant difference in the content of unsaturated fatty acids. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in seed oil ranged from 35.06% to 55.96%, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 32.60% to 64.64%. Conclusion Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. seed oil contains extremely high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. It also contains functional neuric acid, which is rare in other species, making it a woody plant oil with high nutritional value. Through comprehensive analysis of seed morphology and fatty acid composition, it has found that the thousand grain weight, kernel oil yield, and unsaturated fatty acid content of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge. in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia and Linyi, Shandong are higher than those in other regions, indicating better quality.