中央亚利桑那工程

由于地表水资源供给不足，亚利桑那卅l自20世纪60年代开始大规模超采地下水。为有效解决地下水超采伺题，同时促进亚利桑那州经济和社会发展，美国政府于20世纪90年代兴建了中央亚利桑那调水工程。该工程是一项大型远距离凋水工程，也是迄今为止美国水利丁程史上规模最大、费用最高的调水工程。工程主要建筑物包括渠道、泵站、倒虹吸、隧洞和大坝等。中央亚利桑那工程的主要目标是为亚利桑那州中南部地区提供农业、城市生活和上业用水，同时兼具防洪、发电、泥沙控制、娱乐等多项任务。主要介绍中央亚利桑那工程的建设背景、关键工程设施、工程管理和上程效益等方面的内容。

Central Arizona Project

On account of lacking of surface water, groundwater was pumped massively in the state of Arizona since 1960s. In order to deal with this problem effectively, promote economic and social development of Arizona, the Central Arizona Project (CAP) was constructed by the federal government in 1990s. It is a large scale and long distance water transfer project, which is also the largest and most expensive water transfer project in the hydraulic engineering history of the United States. The main facilities of CAP include aqueducts, pumping plants, siphons, tunnels, dams and so on. The main purpose of the CAP is to provide water for agriculture, domestic and industry use in central and southern Arizona. Meanwhile, the CAP also has the functions of flood control, power generation, sediment control, recreation and so on. This paper introduces the background, important facilities, management and benefits of the CAP.