基于转子辅助槽的PMSM电磁振动噪声削弱方法研究

电机气隙中的径向电磁力作用于定子齿部，通过定子、机座传递到空气中，产生了振动噪声。针对实际工程中噪声突出问题，解析径向电磁力得到产生振动噪声的主要阶次和频率，分析电机的定子模态得到不同空间阶次下的频率。考虑电机转子凸极，提出一种转子开辅助槽配合增加气隙宽度的方法改善电机的声振特性。通过搭建优化前后的电机有限元模型，在加速工况下对比6f₁和12f₁频率(f₁为基波频率)的电磁力，以及24阶次和48阶次下的A计权声压级，验证所提方法的有效性。最后在实际样机上测试加速工况下24阶次和48阶次的振动水平和声压级。试验结果表明，所提转子开辅助槽配合改变气隙宽度的方法能够有效降低电机整体的振动噪声。

Research on Reduction Method of PMSM Electromagnetic Vibration Noise Based on Rotor Auxiliary Slots

The radial electromagnetic force in the air gap of the motor acts on the teeth of the stator and is transmitted to the air through the stator and the base, resulting in vibration and noise. Aiming at the prominent problem of noise in actual engineering, the main order and frequency of vibration and noise are obtained by analyzing the radial electromagnetic force. The frequencies under different spatial orders are obtained by analyzing the stator mode of the motor. Considering the salient poles of the motor rotor, a method of opening auxiliary slots in the rotor and increasing the air gap width is proposed to improve the acoustic and vibration characteristics of the motor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by building the finite element model before and after optimization and comparing the electromagnetic force of frequencies 6 f1 and 12 f1 (f1 is the fundamental frequency) under acceleration conditions and the A-weighted sound pressure level under the 24th order and 48th order. Finally, the vibration level and sound pressure level under the 24th order and the 48th order under accelerated conditions are tested on the actual prototype. Experiment results show that the proposed method of opening auxiliary slots on the rotor and changing the air gap width can effectively reduce the vibration and noise of the whole motor.