透明聚酰胺的研究进展

主要阐述了制备透明聚酰胺所需具备的基本结构要素，指出抑制结晶能力及其尺度大小是提高聚酰胺透明性的关键。按照透明聚酰胺的分子链结构特点将其分为脂肪族透明聚酰胺和芳香族透明聚酰胺两大类。针对脂肪族透明聚酰胺，又细分为带有脂环结构、侧甲基脂环结构和直链结构3种类型，对于芳香族透明聚酰胺则细分为含有侧基、不含侧基和具有复杂结构等类型。并进一步评述每一种类型透明聚酰胺的结构特点，力学、热学、光学、耐化学性等综合性能以及各类产品的加工性与应用领域。脂肪族透明聚酰胺与芳香族透明聚酰胺两种材料中，前者具有比较优异的耐候性和耐UV性能，后者则具有较强的耐热性和力学性能。未来对此类透明聚酰胺的研究将会集中于生物降解性、普通溶剂溶解性或超高耐热性等方面。

Developments of transparent polyamides

This paper describes the structural elements of preparing transparent polyamides，in which the capability to inhibit crystallization behavior and crystal size should be crucial to their transmittance. We classify the transparent polyamides into aliphatic polyamides and aromatic polyamides，and further classify these aliphatic transparent polyamides into alicyclic，pendent-alicyclic and linear chain aliphatic copolymer. Similarly，the aromatic transparent polyamides are also classified into three types as non-pendent group，pendent group and complex structure according to chain characteristics. The optical，mechanical，thermal and chemical resistance properties of related polyamides are reviewed，and the processing conditions and applications of these materials are also presented. Transparent aliphatic polyamides usually have excellent weather resistance and UV resistance while transparent aromatic polyamides usually have strong heat resistance and mechanical properties. The study of transparent polyamides in the future will increasingly focus on biodegradability，common solvent solubility and high heat resistance，etc.