拮抗微生物对枣果实采后病害生物防治的研究进展

枣果实采后极易发生真菌侵染性病害而造成重大损失,利用拮抗微生物防治枣果实采后病害是替代化学合成杀菌剂的一种绿色、环保、安全的防治方法。目前应用于防治枣果实采后病害的拮抗微生物主要为梅奇酵母属(Metschnikowia sp.)、假丝酵母属(Candida sp.)、隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus sp.)以及芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。这些拮抗微生物防治枣果实采后病害的机制包括通过营养与空间的竞争,分泌抑菌性物质和诱导果实抗病性等方面。该文分别从拮抗菌的来源、生防效果、增效途径、作用机制等几个方面阐述目前用于防治枣果实采后病害的主要拮抗微生物,并讨论当前枣果实采后生物防治存在的问题。

Advances in biological control of postharvest diseases of jujube by antagonistic microorganisms

Postharvest jujube is prone to fungal infection, resulting in significant losses. Antagonistic microorganism is a green, environmentally friendly and safe method to replace chemical synthetic fungicides to control postharvest diseases of jujube. The antagonistic microorganisms applied to control postharvest diseases of jujube mainly include Metschnikowia sp., Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. Control mechanisms of these antagonistic microorganisms against postharvest diseases of jujube fruit mainly include nutrition and space competition, secreting antibacterial substances and inducing host resistance. This review introduces the main antagonistic microorganisms for the controlling of postharvest diseases in jujube, focusing on the source of antagonistic microorganisms, the biological control effect, the methods to improve the biological control effect, and the action mechanisms, and then prospects the current problems of biological control of postharvest jujube diseases.