碳市场背景下发电商竞价策略及电力市场均衡分析

碳市场交易提高了传统化石能源机组的发电成本，进而影响其在电力市场的竞价行为，电力市场均衡也随之发生改变。文章针对碳市场背景下的电力市场均衡问题建立了双层均衡模型，上层模型为考虑碳成本的发电商最优竞价模型，下层模型为考虑碳配额总量约束的电力市场出清模型，通过最优性条件理论以及二进制展开法、大M法等线性化手段将双层模型转化为混合整数线性规划，基于PJM 5节点系统，求解了多市场环境下有无碳市场的电力市场均衡，分析了碳市场对电力市场均衡状态的影响；同时，基于碳配额总量对电力市场均衡的灵敏度分析发现碳配额总量需适度收紧才能最大程度实现电力低碳减排作用。

Bidding strategy of electricity generation and electricity market equilibrium analysis under the background of carbon market

Carbon market trading increases the cost of power generation of traditional fossil energy units, and then affects their bidding behavior in the electricity market, as well as the electricity market equilibrium. In this paper, a two-layer equilibrium model is established for the electricity market equilibrium problem under the background of carbon market. The upper model is the optimal bidding model of the electricity generator considering the carbon emission cost and the lower model is the power market clearance model considering the total constraint of the carbon quota. Then, the two-layer model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem by using optimality condition theory and linearization methods such as binary expansion approach and big M method. Finally, based on the PJM 5-node system, the equilibrium of electricity market with and without carbon market in multi-market environment are solved, and the influence of carbon market on electricity market equilibrium state is analyzed. At the same time, based on the sensitivity analysis total carbon quota to electricity market equilibrium, it is found that the total carbon quota needs to be appropriately tightened to achieve the maximum effect of electricity low-carbon emission reduction.