海上风电送出与就地消纳技术差异综述

在“碳达峰”与“碳中和”承诺背景下,海上风电凭借其高利用小时数、资源蕴含总量丰富等特点得到迅猛发展。然而,海上风电输电存在高成本、作业难度大、施工不便等问题。海水淡化技术凭借其灵活运行特性可有效适应风电波动性,采用海上风电就地消纳进行海水淡化能够提高风电利用率并简化输配电环节,可为海上风电应用与发展提供全新思路。文章结合海上风电并网方式与海水淡化系统工艺结构,分别剖析了海上风电输电与淡水输送的工作原理。再综合考虑输送容量、输送距离、输送建设成本等7个方面的性能指标,整理了海上风电输电与输水系统在技术与经济方面的差异。针对海水淡化技术的灵活性与经济性等优势,论述了海上风电驱动海水淡化技术在新能源消纳、工业清洁化与风电多元化发展等方面的应用前景。

A method for sending fresh water by offshore wind power through seawater desalination technology

Under the background of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutralization" commitments, offshore wind power has developed rapidly with its high utilization hours and rich total resources. However, the high cost, difficult operation and inconvenient construction of offshore wind power transmission have become the main bottleneck restricting its rapid development. Seawater desalination technology can effectively adapt to wind power fluctuations due to its flexible operation characteristics. The use of offshore wind power on-site consumption for seawater desalination can improve the utilization rate of wind power and simplify the transmission and distribution links, which can provide a new idea for the application and development of offshore wind power. Firstly, combined with the grid connection mode of offshore wind power and the process structure of seawater desalination system, the working principles of offshore wind power transmission and fresh water transmission are analyzed respectively. Secondly, the technical and economic differences between offshore wind power transmission and water transmission systems are sorted out by comprehensively considering 7 performance indicators such as transmission capacity, transmission distance, and transmission construction cost. Finally, in view of the advantages of seawater desalination technology such as flexibility and economy, the application prospects of offshore wind power-driven seawater desalination technology in new energy consumption, industrial cleaning and diversified development of wind power are discussed.