基于Bell态的两方互认证量子密钥协商协议

针对已有互认证量子密钥协商协议需要可信或者半可信第三方参与造成的步骤繁琐且通信量大的问题，基于Bell态和其纠缠交换性质提出了一个新的两方量子密钥协商协议。该密钥协商协议无需可信或者半可信第三方的参与，就能实现参与者之间的身份互认证和公平的密钥协商，因此降低了协议的通信复杂度。安全性分析表明，该互认证的密钥协商协议能保证身份认证过程可以抵抗假冒攻击，密钥协商过程能抵抗外部攻击和参与者攻击。另外，与已有互认证量子密钥协商协议相比，该协议的量子比特效率较高，且其量子态制备和测量用现有技术更易实现。

Two-Party Mutual Authentication Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Bell States

In order to solve the problem of complicated steps and large communication volume caused by the participation of trusted or semi-trusted third parties in the existing mutual authentication quantum key agreement protocols, a new two-party quantum key agreement protocol is proposed based on Bell states and their entangled exchange properties. The key agreement protocol can realize identity mutual authentication and fair key agreement between participants without the participation of trusted or semi-trusted third parties, thus reducing the communication complexity of the protocol. The security analysis shows that its identity authentication process can resist impersonation attack, and its key agreement process can resist external attacks and participant attacks. In addition, compared with the existing mutual authentication quantum key agreement protocols, the quantum bit efficiency of the protocol is also higher, and its quantum state preparation and measurement are easier to achieve with existing technologies.