区块链在量子时代的机遇和挑战

区块链是随着数字加密货币而逐渐兴起的一种全新的去中心化基础架构。以区块链为底层技术的应用范畴早已超越数字加密货币，延伸到了金融、经济、科技和政治等各个领域。与此同时，具有重大科学意义和战略价值的量子科技正在迅速发展，在即将到来的量子时代，区块链将面临量子科技带来的前所未有的机遇和挑战。主要体现为:一是强大的量子计算对区块链密码体系造成极大威胁，二是在区块链中应用量子科技能有效提高系统的安全性。分析了量子计算攻击区块链的不同方式，指出量子科技赋能区块链的发展现状和趋势。“区块链+量子计算”的交叉融合研究具有重大的现实意义，量子区块链必将成为未来高新技术产业的研究热点。

Opportunities and Challenges of Blockchain in the Quantum Era

Blockchain is a new decentralized infrastructure emerging with digital cryptocurrencies. The application scope of blockchain as the underlying technology has already gone beyond digital cryptocurrencies, extending to various fields such as finance, economy, technology and politics. At the same time, quantum technology with great scientific significance and strategic value is developing rapidly. In the coming quantum era, blockchain will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges brought by quantum technology. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, powerful quantum computing poses a great threat to the blockchain cryptosystem; secondly, the application of quantum technology in blockchain can effectively improve the security of the system. This paper mainly analyzes the different ways of quantum computing to attack blockchain in the coming quantum era. We also point out the development status and trend of quantum technology enabling blockchain. "Blockchain + Quantum Computing" cross fusion research has great realistic significance and quantum blockchain will become the focus in the future high-tech industries.