车轮状态变化对重载货车轮轨作用力影响

重载货车在实际的生产及服役条件下，轮轨之间的相互作用不仅受各种轨道不平顺激励的影响，也会受到车轮状态变化的激励作用。从车轮运行状态的角度研究重载货车轮轨间相互作用，分别以车轮磨耗前后踏面形状、车轮多边形化、车轮质量偏心和轮对结构变形四种车轮运行状态来模拟分析车轮各状态参数与轮轨垂向作用力的关系，并总结其影响规律。研究表明：车轮踏面形状主要影响轮轨接触斑面积以及接触应力分布，磨耗后车轮比新轮的接触应力分布范围更广泛；在不同速度下，车轮多边形化的波深、相位差及谐波阶数对轮轨垂向力产生不同程度的影响；车轮质量偏心对轮轨产生周期性垂向冲击，但振动幅度并不大；轮对挠度的动态变化对轮轨动态接触载荷影响比较显著，尤其是轮对结构弯曲振动加剧了轮轨垂向动作用力。

Study on Influence of Wheel/Rail force for Heavy Freight CarBased on Wheel State Changed

In actual production and service condition of heavy freight car, the wheel/rail interaction is influenced not only by incentive effect from all kinds of track irregularity, but also by incentive effect from changes of wheel state. From the perspective of wheel running state, change and trend of wheel/rail interaction is studied , which is based on parameters of wheel status with wheel tread shape, wheel polygonization, wheel eccentric mass and wheelset structural deformation. The result indicates that wheel tread shape changes area of contact spot and distribution of contact stress; in different speed, depth, phase and order of wheel polygonization have different influence on wheel/rail vertical force; Wheel eccentric mass produces periodic vertical impact between wheel and rail, but the amplitude of vibration is not large; the change of wheel/rail dynamic contact load with the deflection change of wheelset is remarkable, especially structural bending vibration of wheelset intensifies the wheel/rail vertical action force.