低温燃料电池合金催化剂研究进展

低温燃料电池所用电催化剂以铂为主,但铂的价格昂贵,资源匮乏,造成PEMFC和DMFC成本提高,限制了应用。合金催化剂可以大大减小Pt用量,降低催化剂成本,而且其结构对提高催化剂活性非常有利,有广泛的发展空间。简要介绍了合金催化剂对低温燃料电池的作用机理;综述了沉积-还原热处理,改进微乳法,微波法及一些近年来制备合金催化剂的新技术和新方法;归纳了合金元素,金属前驱体,原子组成,热处理温度和pH值等条件对电催化活性影响的研究。

Research progress of alloyed electrocatalysts for low temperature fuel cell

The catalyst for low temperature fuel cell is still the platinum,which is expensive and lack of resource.And this is one of the reasons that cause the high cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) and direct methane fuel cell(DMFC,which significantly limits their wide use.The applying of platinum alloyed catalysts can reduce the amount of platinum and the alloyed structure is favorable for enhancing the catalytic activity.The mechanism of the alloy catalysts on the anode and cathode for the low temperature fuel cell was introduced.The deposition-reduction thermal treatment,the improved microemulsion,microwave and some new technologies and methods of preparation of alloyed catalysts in recent years were reviewed mainly.The effect of the alloying elements,the metal precursor,atomic composition,temperature of the heat treatment and the pH value on the catalytic activity were summarized.