强冲击地压矿井地表非连续移动变形特征

随着工作面的开采，上方覆岩体内软岩层出现明显离层特征，离层上方硬性巨厚覆岩层逐渐下沉。当工作面推进到一定距离时，离层量加大，为巨厚覆岩层提供一定运动空间，进而造成巨厚覆岩层的破断；由于瞬间的能量释放，对围岩造成强冲击性，同时造成地表呈现斑裂等非连续性特征。较大的斑裂均位于地表水平变形较大的位置，随着井下沿走向开采尺寸的加大，斑裂的宽度和深度也逐渐扩大，斑裂最宽可达1.5～3.0 m，深度可达50～70 m。同时，采动覆岩岩层运动，也导致地表变形出现明显的集中与滞缓现象，当离层范围大于砾岩体折断步距时，地表变形加剧，就会出现斑裂现象。同时探讨地表移动变形与冲击地压发生具有的显著相关性，进而可对冲击地压做预测辅助参考。

SURFACE DISCONTINUOUS MOVEMENT AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG ROCKBURST MINE

With the mining of working face，soft rock strata above working face appear obvious separation characteristics，and the rigid thick overlying strata gradually settle. When the working face advances to a certain distance，the huge bed separation provides a certain motion space for the rigid-thick strata，causing the thick overlying strata to be broken. The instantaneous energy release causes a strong impact on surrounding rock，and leading to discontinuous deformation characteristics of the surface，cracks，for instance. The larger surface cracks are located at the position of ground level with larger deformation. As the size of exploitation increases along strike，the width and depth of surface cracks are gradually enlarged，the maximum width is up to 1.5–3.0 m，and the maximum depth is up to 50–70 m. Meanwhile，the overlying strata movement can also lead to surface concentration and stagnant. when the abscission range is larger than the drawing pace of conglomerate body broken，the surface deformation increases，which causes the surface crack. What?s more，the synchronic research of the significant correlation between the surface deformation and the rock burst can provide some auxiliary references for rock burst prediction.