有色金属采选废水的来源、特征、危害及净化技术研究进展

有色金属采选废水的有效处理已逐渐成为制约行业健康发展的瓶颈问题。本文简述了有色金属采选废水的来源成因、水质特征、污染危害及净化处理及资源化利用研究进展。分析表明,有色金属采选废水污染特征虽受时间、空间影响较大,但普遍含有悬浮颗粒物、酸碱、重金属和有机污染物等多类污染物,是典型的复合污染废水。不同处理方法均有各自的适用对象,某种单一方法难于实现复合污染综合净化去除。有色金属采选废水的综合控制应结合实际废水特征和方法适用对象,经技术、经济和环境分析论证,才能选择合适的净化方案。提出了未来发展中则应以减量化、无害化和资源化为思路,重点研究源头控制和末端治理技术的联合使用、清洁生产系统工程的运用以及复合污染同时去除新方法的开发和现有方法有机集成技术等。

Progress of the source,characteristic,damage and purification technique of non-ferrous metals mining and beneficiation wastewater

The effective treatment of mining and beneficiation wastewater (MBW) is a bottleneck problem of the development of non-ferrous metals industry. In this paper, the source, quality characteristic, pollution damage and the advance of purification and comprehensive utilization of MBW have been investigated. The results showed that MBW is a typical combined pollution wastewater although the pollution characteristic of MBW is greatly influenced by temporal and spatial distribution. It generally contains suspended solids, acid and alkali, heavy metals, organic pollutants and so on. Different processing methods have their applicable object. It is difficult to achieve the comprehensive treatment for all contaminants by single method alone. In the integrated control of MBW, choosing appropriate purification scheme should be combined with the characteristics of MBW, applicable object of methods through technical, economic and environmental argumentation. The ideas of future development should be reduction, recycling and harmless of MBW. It is suggested that the combination of the source control technology and pipe-end treatment, application of cleaner production system engineering, development of new methods for simultaneous removal of combined pollution and organic integration technology of current approaches is the priorities of future research.