一体化生物脱氮技术研究进展

废水氨氮污染已成为环境领域的热点问题。针对废水氨氮污染,国际上研发了一批高效废水生物脱氮技术。本文将3种典型工艺--同步硝化-反硝化(SND)工艺、短程硝化-反硝化(SHARON)工艺、基于亚硝氮的全自养脱氮(CANON)工艺归类并命名为一体化生物脱氮技术,分别对其原理、特征、效能和应用进行了分析评述,以期为该技术的深度研发提供参考。总结了与传统脱氮技术相比,一体化生物脱氮技术具有工艺流程短、系统操作易、占地面积小、运行费用低等优势。其中以氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌等自养型微生物作为脱氮功能菌的一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将成为一体化生物脱氮技术的研究前沿,一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将集中于优质菌种的培育和反应器的优化。

Research progress in integrative bio-technologies for nitrogen removal

Ammonia nitrogen pollution is one of the major factors that cause the eutrophication of water bodies. For this reason, it has become a hot issue in the field of environmental engineering. A series of efficient bio-technologies had been developed for removing nitrogen from ammonia-containing wastewaters. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process, single reactor for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process, and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process are typical integrative biological nitrogen removal processes. In this review, principles, characteristics, performance and applications of the three typical processes are analyzed respectively to provide references for the further development of these technologies. The integrative bio- technologies for nitrogen removal possess the advantages of shorter process cycle, simpler operation, less land requirement and lower cost. At present, the autotrophic integrative nitrogen removal processes based on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria have become the research frontier, and the further research should be focused on cultivating high-quality species and the optimization of reactor.