二氧化碳加氢合成低碳烯烃的研究进展

大气中逐年升高的二氧化碳浓度对全球环境产生了严重的影响。通过可再生能源得到的H₂与CO₂反应生成低碳烯烃,不但可以使CO₂得到资源化利用,还能减少低碳烯烃的生产对于石油资源的依赖。该技术还有望实现从海水中得到燃油。本文主要对CO₂加氢合成低碳烯烃的热力学、反应机理和催化剂研究进行了综述。目前,该反应中使用的催化剂以Fe系为主。文中简要介绍了直接转化催化剂中的载体、助剂和双金属活性组分对反应性能的影响以及经甲醇路线制低碳烯烃的双功能催化剂在该反应中的应用。高性能催化剂的设计以及反应机理的探索是CO₂加氢合成低碳烯烃未来的发展方向。

Progress in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to light olefins

Year by year, the accelerated accumulation of greenhouse gas, CO₂, in the atmosphere, has a serious impact on the global environment. The clean hydrogen resource, obtained from renewable energy, opens up an attractive route for simultaneous conversion of CO₂ into light olefins, which is regarded as a promising process for CO₂ utilization. This process also reduces the light olefins production dependence on petroleum consumption, and makes the achievement of fuel from seawater available. In this paper, the thermodynamics, the reaction mechanism and catalysts of carbon dioxide hydrogenation to light olefins were reviewed. At present, Fe-based catalysts are mainly studied in this reaction. Therefore, the influence of the catalyst supports, promoters and bimetallic active components on the performance of direct conversion of CO₂ into light olefins, as well as the utilization of bi-functional catalysts via the synthesis of methanol intermediates in this reaction, were briefly introduced. In the future, it shall be focused on the design of high performance catalyst and clarifying the reaction mechanism.