比特币扩容技术的发展现状与展望

比特币这一颠覆性的发明,以其去中心、匿名、不可篡改等特点,带来"机器信任"的转变,引领人们进入区块链技术的新时代。由于在信任领域前所未有的颠覆性,比特币近年来热度居高不下,市场价格也是不断增长。抛去利益层面的诱惑,理性来谈,比特币这一区块链技术的鼻祖,其发展正面临着种种限制瓶颈,亟待解决。其中最让人诟病的便是比特币因容量、吞吐量与可扩展性不足,所带来的交易拥堵、交易处理延迟等现象,近年来这些现象变得愈演愈烈。在此背景下,不少专家学者、社区、矿池以及技术爱好者站在各自利益的角度,就比特币扩容问题展开激烈的讨论,但始终没有达成一个彼此满意的方案。总结比特币现有的5种主流扩容技术:支付通道、隔离见证、提高区块容量限制、多重签名、聚合签名,分析它们的实现原理与发展现状,并对未来可能的扩容方案进行展望。

SCALING BITCOIN: THE STATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TREND

Bitcoin with its characteristics of decentralization, anonymity and non-tamper, has brought about the transformation of “machine trust” and led people into a new era of blockchain. Because of the innovations in the field of trust, bitcoin has been hot in recent years, and the market price is also growing. Despite the temptation of interest level, to talk rationally, bitcoin, the originator of blockchain technology, is facing various bottlenecks in its development, which need to be solved urgently. The most criticized phenomenon is the lack of capacity, throughput and scalability of bitcoin, resulting in transaction congestion, transaction processing delay and other phenomena, which have become increasingly fierce in recent years. With the above background, many experts, scholars, communities, mining pools and technology enthusiasts have discussed the scaling bitcoin from their respective interests, but they have never reached a mutually satisfactory solution. This paper summarized 5 main expansion technologies of bitcoin: payment channel, segregated witness, enhancing block capacity limitation, multi-signature and aggregate signature, analyzed the implementation principle and development status, and looked forward to possible scaling schemes in the future.