Glutathione is a key player in metal-induced oxidative stress defenses |
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Authors: | Jozefczak Marijke Remans Tony Vangronsveld Jaco Cuypers Ann |
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Affiliation: | Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails: marijke.jozefczak@uhasselt.be (M.J.); tony.remans@uhasselt.be (T.R.); jaco.vangronsveld@uhasselt.be (J.V.). |
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Abstract: | Since the industrial revolution, the production, and consequently the emission of metals, has increased exponentially, overwhelming the natural cycles of metals in many ecosystems. Metals display a diverse array of physico-chemical properties such as essential versus non-essential and redox-active versus non-redox-active. In general, all metals can lead to toxicity and oxidative stress when taken up in excessive amounts, imposing a serious threat to the environment and human health. In order to cope with different kinds of metals, plants possess defense strategies in which glutathione (GSH; γ-glu-cys-gly) plays a central role as chelating agent, antioxidant and signaling component. Therefore, this review highlights the role of GSH in: (1) metal homeostasis; (2) antioxidative defense; and (3) signal transduction under metal stress. The diverse functions of GSH originate from the sulfhydryl group in cysteine, enabling GSH to chelate metals and participate in redox cycling. |
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Keywords: | metals cellular redox state glutathione chelation |
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