欧洲城市河流与开放空间耦合关系研究——以英国伦敦、德国埃姆舍地区公园为例

在绿道、生态廊道、生态网络等多个可持续的规划理念中,河流和开放空间作为遏制城市蔓延的重要生态资源被广泛研究和应用。本文以德国鲁尔区埃姆舍地区公园和英国东伦敦绿色网格规划为例,首先从空间结构、规划策略两个层面探讨了城市区域河流和开放空间的耦合关系的形成,其次对比两个案例,分析了河流与开放空间的耦合关系对城市发展的影响。研究发现河流是城市开放空间组织的重要的中枢系统,开放空间在河流的组织下和其他城市结构相结合使得城市向更可持续的方向发展。

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RIVER AND OPEN SPACE IN EUROPEAN CITISE:CASE STUDIES OF LONDON AND THE EMSCHER REGIONAL PARK

River and open space have been studied and applied in many fields relevant to sustainable planning, such as ecological network, greenway system, green corridor, etc., to restraint urban sprawl. Focus on the urban region, this paper takes two cases in Europe, and explores three aspects of the relationship between open space and river within the scope of ecological sustainable concepts. The two cases are the East London Green Grid in England and the Emscher Regional Park in Germany. Concerning spatial planning, the river system plays the role of axis, and open spaces are forming perpendicularly to the river. In regard to functional aspect, open space organized by rivers can generate an effect to the urban spatial structure and density, guiding the urbanization to a more sustainable one.