自修复聚合物的制备与应用研究进展

聚合物暴露于外部环境(光照、紫外线、热)之中会受到破坏,降低材料的性能以及使用寿命。自修复是人们模仿生物体损伤愈合的概念,解决材料损伤、延长材料使用寿命的新方法。针对近年来自修复聚合物材料的研究情况,文中根据自修复机理将其分为共价键自修复材料、超分子自修复材料两类,分别阐述了它们的化学原理与制备方法。在此基础上,对自修复性质的多样性,如形状自修复、导电性自修复、疏水性自修复、顺磁性自修复等应用性质进行综述。最后,展望了自修复聚合物材料的发展方向,指出纳米粒子、石墨烯等新颖的自修复方法已经崭露头角,有望从材料的堆积结构层次上完善并提高聚合物的自修复性能。

Preparation and Application of Self-Repairing Polymers

Polymer materials will be gradually damaged when they are exposed to extreme conditions,such as sunshine light,UV light,and heat,etc.Those conditions would change bulk properties of polymer materials,lower their performance,and eventually shorten their service life.Self-repairing,which was simulated from healing of damage of living beings,is a new method to solve the damage of polymers and make them more durable.In this paper,recent progress in the area of self-repairing polymer materials was reviewed,which was divided into selfrepairing polymers by covalent bond and self-repairing polymers by supramolecular interaction.Their chemical mechanism and preparation method were discussed thoroughly.Furthermore,except for mechanical properties,other useful properties that need to be self-repaired were also reviewed.Some of those important examples were collected and classified,such as three dimension shape,electronic conductivity,hydrophobisity of polymer surface,and paramagnetism.At last,the direction of development in the future was pointed out from the application aspect of view,which showed that new self-repairing methods appeared,such as nano-paticles and graphene.It will greatly improve the self-repairing property from the level of accumulation structure.