Expression of cell adhesion molecules and the appearance of adherent leukocytes on the left atrial endothelium with atrial fibrillation: rabbit experimental model

To assess the expression of cell adhesion molecules and the appearance of leukocytes adhering to the left atrial endothelium with atrial fibrillation (AF), 10 Japanese white rabbits were anesthetized and 3 pacing leads were placed in the right atrium. For the AF model, the right atrium was stimulated by electrical pacing (the stimulation frequency of each lead being adjusted to different intervals) for 8h while the control model was subjected to a sham operation without atrial stimulation. The left atrial appendage was excised from the heart and examined immunohistochemically. P-selectin staining of the endothelium in both models was linear and regional, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the AF model was confined to leukocytes and endothelial cells with adherent leukocytes. The expression of P-selectin (p<0.05) and the appearance of positively ICAM-1 stained adherent leukocytes (p<0.05) were significantly greater in the AF model than in the control model. In conclusion, AF could regulate the expression of at least 2 critical adhesion molecules, P-selectin and ICAM-1, and the appearance of adherent leukocytes; suggesting that these molecules may play an important role in left atrial thrombus formation with AF. Although anticoagulant therapy has generally been carried out with warfarin in AF patients, neutralizing antibodies to cell adhesion molecules should be tried to prevent thromboembolic complications.