Analysis of tunnel displacement accuracy with total station |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;2. CCCC First High way Consultants CO., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China;3. School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;4. College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China;1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore, Anna University, India;2. Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore, Anna University, India;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. NNCE, Thozhudur, Anna University, India;1. Department of Mining Exploitation and Prospecting, Mining Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Asturias, Spain;2. Department of Construction Engineering and Manufacturing, Mining Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004 Asturias, Spain;1. Temelsu International Engineering Services Inc., Ankara, Turkey;2. Geotechnology Unit, Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey;3. Golder Associates Inc., 595 Double Eagle Court, Suite 1000, Reno, Nevada, USA;1. Department of Statistics, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;2. Department of Mining Exploitation and Prospecting, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, Campus de Mieres, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez, s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgy Cleaner Production Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The remote distance measurement (RDM) method requires only common total stations and not special post-processing software. Moreover, this method is easy to operate and highly accurate results can be obtained. Therefore, RDM is used in the displacement monitoring of tunnel engineering. This study presents the calculation formulas for the crown settlement and wall convergence of tunnel as measured by RDM with total station. The mean error formulas are derived based on error propagation laws. When tunnel displacements measured by using total station with the ms not more than 2 mm + 2D ppm (D is the measurement distance) and mα not more than 1″, the horizontal distance between the rear viewpoint and the monitoring section is in the range of 50–150 m, the horizontal distance between the total station and the monitoring section ranges from 40 m to 60 m, and the total station is near the tunnel centerline, the measurement accuracy can reach 1 mm. |
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| Keywords: | Total station Remote distance measurement (RDM) Tunnel displacement Accuracy |
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