机载光电载荷视轴指向控制技术综述

针对远距离、长焦距、高分辨机载光电成像载荷对提升视轴指向控制精度的迫切需求,从电流、速度、位置三环控制的基本原理入手,对电机的力矩控制、干扰的抑制、对延迟的鲁棒性等问题进行了分析。首先,分析了新型无刷电机电流驱动和控制方法及相应的优缺点。论述了主动抗扰内回路以及速度反馈外回路控制问题,从算法的角度提高对视轴运动速度的控制性能;另一方面,考虑机械结构刚度对控制增益的制约,从两级控制结构的角度对相应的控制方法进行分析。对目标跟踪控制这一典型位置环控制问题进行了分析,从时滞反馈控制的角度论述了相应的理论研究进展。最后,综合当前技术发展趋势给出机载光电载荷视轴指向控制技术的思考和建议。

A survey of line of sight control technology for airborne photoelectric payload

The need to improve the accuracy of Line of Sight (LOS) for long-distance, long-focus, and high-resolution airborne photoelectric payloads is crucial. Starting from the basic principles of current, speed, and position three-loop control, our study analyzed torque control of motors, disturbance suppression, and robustness of time delay. First, the drive and control methods of a new brushless motor at the current loop were analyzed, and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages were presented. Second, the problem of active disturbance rejection internal loop and speed feedback external loop control was discussed, and the control performance of visual axis motion speed was improved from a control algorithm perspective. Moreover, considering the constraint of mechanical rigidity on control gain, the corresponding control method was analyzed from the perspective of two-stage control based on fast steering mirrors. Third, the typical position loop control problem of target tracking and tracking control was analyzed, and the corresponding theoretical research progress was discussed from the viewpoint of time-delay feedback control. Finally, some research suggestions on airborne photoelectric payload LOS control technology were presented, combined with the developing trends of current technologies.