三维表面粗糙度的表征和应用

表面粗糙度会直接影响零部件的耐磨性、密封性以及抗腐蚀性等,是评定机械加工和产品质量的重要指标。现代科技水平的不断提高对零件表面性能的要求也日益严苛。传统的二维表面粗糙度的测量和表征已经不再能够满足技术发展的要求,三维表面粗糙度由于能够更加全面、真实地反映工件表面的状态而受到人们的重视,成为研究热点。本文回顾了三维表面粗糙度的发展历史,系统地介绍了三维表面粗糙度参数及标准的发展现状,分析了表面形貌与功能特性的联系,概述了三维粗糙度参数在制造业、生物医疗、摩擦学与材料科学等领域的广泛应用,并进一步指出了三维表面粗糙度表征和应用的发展方向。未来随着相关研究(比如,三维测量的溯源性、重复性、参数表征体系等问题)的深入以及三维表面测量手段的发展,三维表面粗糙度参数也将不断完善和推广,并更多地与实际功能相结合来预测并指导生产,确保工件的表面质量。

Three-dimensional surface roughness characterization and application

Surface roughness was an important indicator in the evaluation of a manufacturing process and a product's quality because it can directly affect the wear resistance, sealing performance, and corrosion resistance of parts. The surface quality was more demanding than ever before with the development of modern science and technology. Traditional two-dimensional surface roughness measurement and characterization can hardly meet the requirements, and therefore, three-dimensional measurement and characterization was becoming a research hotspot because it can comprehensively and truly reflect the surface topography. This study reviewed the development history of areal surface roughness, investigated the state-of-the-art areal surface roughness parameters and standards, systematically analyzed the relationship between surface topography and functional characteristics, and summarized the applications of areal surface roughness parameters in manufacturing, biomedical, tribology, materials science, etc. As the research advances (for example, the further study of traceability and repeatability of areal surface topography measurements, the parameters characterization system, and the maturity of additive manufacturing) and measurement techniques are developed, three-dimensional surface roughness parameters were sure to be completed and popularized in the future. It will better combine with the actual functions to predict the working performance and ensure the surface quality of the workpiece.