地下水开发利用的环境效应——以新疆额敏县为例

地下水环境问题主要包括3方面:①过量抽取地下水或对地下水系统认识管理不善导致的地质灾害,包括地面沉降、地裂缝、沙漠化等;②地下水污染,包括天然或人类活动引起的重金属和有机物对地下水的污染,各种污染质在地下水中的运移机制,含水层对污染的敏感性评价指标和分区,以及监测、评价、预防和修复技术等问题;③生态水文地质学问题,如河流出山口河水被渠系引走,下游河道断流,地下水位下降,引起下游生态环境恶化。

Environmental Effects of Groundwater Exploitation

Groundwater environmental problems mainly includes three aspects： ①of excessive extraction of groundwater or of geological hazards caused by awareness of groundwater system of mismanagement,including land subsidence,cracks,desertification;②groundwater contamination,including natural or human activity on groundwater pollution caused by heavy metals and organic compounds,various pollutant in groundwater migration mechanism,aquifer pollution sensitivity evaluation indexes and partitions,as well as issues such as monitoring,evaluation,prevention and remediation techniques;③eco-hydrogeology problems,such as the river passes the river canal walk,river flow is continuous lowering of groundwater,causing deterioration of the ecological environment in the lower reaches.