无线传感器网络中四元无线声阵列节点选择及目标定位算法

低成本、小型化的无线声传感器网络（WASN）的每个节点只配备一个麦克风而非麦克风阵列，针对随机抛撒的WASN区域外声源目标定位问题，依据声压衰减模型和几何定位机制，提出了四节点无线声阵列声源定位算法。在此基础上分析了声音衰减系数和阵列形状对定位精度的影响，进而选择以Y型阵列作为感知模型，当Y型阵列的中轴线与目标声源的夹角为60°～100°时，定位误差小于1 m. 依据仿真结果提出节点选择算法并进行了Y型阵列目标定位实验，结果表明，Y型无线声传感器阵列满足对无线传感器网络（WSN）抛撒区域外50 m处目标的预警需求。低成本、小型化的无线声传感器网络（WASN）的每个节点只配备一个麦克风而非麦克风阵列，针对随机抛撒的WASN区域外声源目标定位问题，依据声压衰减模型和几何定位机制，提出了四节点无线声阵列声源定位算法。在此基础上分析了声音衰减系数和阵列形状对定位精度的影响，进而选择以Y型阵列作为感知模型，当Y型阵列的中轴线与目标声源的夹角为60°～100°时，定位误差小于1 m. 依据仿真结果提出节点选择算法并进行了Y型阵列目标定位实验，结果表明，Y型无线声传感器阵列满足对无线传感器网络（WSN）抛撒区域外50 m处目标的预警需求。

Node Selection and Source Localization of Four-node Wireless Acoustic Array in Wireless Sensor Network

Instead of using microphone array, each sensor node in the sensor network uses only a single microphone as its sensing device in low-cost and miniature wireless acoustic sensor network (WASN). According to the energy decay model and geometric positioning mechanism， an external acoustic source localization estimation method with four-node wireless microphone array is presented for the application in randomly deployed WASN. Major error sources, such as sound attenuation coefficient and array shape, of the localization method are analyzed, and Y-type array model is selected as sensing model. The location error is less than 1m when the angle between the central axis of Y-type array and the target is 60°～100°. A node selection algorithm is proposed, and the experiment of source localization is done. The experimental result shows that Y-type wireless acoustic array can warn about target at 50m away from the wireless sensor network（WSN）.