Dry Sliding Contact Between Rough Surfaces at the Atomistic Scale |
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Authors: | Peter Spijker Guillaume Anciaux Jean-François Molinari |
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Affiliation: | 1.Computational Solid Mechanics Laboratory,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, LSMS, IIC-ENAC, IMX-STI,Lausanne,Switzerland |
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Abstract: | Although, a lot is known about the factors contributing to friction, a complete physical understanding of the origins of friction
is still lacking. At the macroscale several laws have long since described the relation between load (Amontons, Coulomb),
apparent and real area of contact (Bowden and Tabor), and frictional forces. But it is not yet completely understood if these
laws of friction extend all the way down to the atomistic level. Some current research suggests that a linear dependence of
friction on the real contact area is observed at the atomistic level, but only for specific cases (indentors and rigid substrates).
Because continuum models are not applicable at the atomic scale, other modeling techniques (such as molecular dynamics simulations)
are necessary to elucidate the physics of friction at the small scale. We use molecular dynamics simulations to model the
friction of two rough deformable surfaces, while changing the surface roughness, the sliding speed, and the applied normal
load. We find that friction increases with roughness. Also all sliding cases show considerable surface flattening, reducing
the friction close to zero after repetitive sliding. This questions the current view of (static) roughness at the atomistic
scale, and possibly indicates that the macroscopic laws of friction break down several orders of magnitude before reaching
the atomic scale. |
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