An integrated emotional and physiological assessment for VR-based active shooter incident experiments |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, United States;2. Department of Computer Science and Institute of Creative Technologies, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, United States;3. Sol Price School of Policy, University of Southern California, United States;1. Department of Information Science, Faculty of Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan;2. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences, E.T.S.I. Caminos, Canales y Puertos, University of Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain;3. School of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 44, E-39005 Santander, Spain;4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia;5. R&D EgiCAD, School of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain;1. School of Urban Economics and Management, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;2. Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong;2. School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China;1. Department of Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea;3. Alibaba (China) Co., Ltd, Alibaba Supply Chain Platform (ASCP), Hangzhou, China;4. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;5. Viewshare Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Unfortunately, active shooter incidents are on the rise in the United States. With the recent technological advancements, virtual reality (VR) experiments could serve as an effective method to prepare civilians and law enforcement personnel for such scenarios. However, for VR experiments to be effective for active shooter training and research, such experiments must be able to evoke emotional and physiological responses as live active shooter drills and events do. The objective of this study is thus to test the effectiveness of an active shooter VR experiment on emotional and physiological responses. Additionally, we consider different locomotion techniques (i.e., walk-in-place and controller) and explore their impact on users’ sense of presence. The results suggest that the VR active shooter experiment in this study can induce emotional arousal and increase heart rate of the participants immersed in the virtual environment. Furthermore, compared to the controller, the walk-in-place technique resulted in a higher emotional arousal in terms of negative emotions and a stronger sense of presence. The study presents a foundation for future active shooter experiments as it supports the ecological validity using VR for active shooter incident related work for the purposes of training or research. |
| |
| Keywords: | Active shooter incidents Virtual reality Emotional response Physiological response Locomotion technique |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
