Compact energy storage enabled by graphenes: Challenges,strategies and progress |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power, 200245 Shanghai, China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China;4. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China;1. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;2. Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China;1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;2. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China;1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;1. Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling, College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;6. Institute of Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;7. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;8. School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China |
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| Abstract: | Storing as much energy as possible in as compact a space as possible is an ever-increasing concern to deal with the emerging “space anxiety” in electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices like batteries, which is known as “compact energy storage”. Carbons built from graphene units can be used as active electrodes or inactive key materials acting as porous micro- or even nano-reactors that facilitate battery reactions and play a vital role in optimizing the volumetric performance of the electrode and the battery. In this review, we discuss and clarify the key issues and specific strategies for compact energy storage, especially in batteries. The use of shrinkable carbon networks to produce small yet sufficient reaction space together with smooth charge delivery is highlighted as the simplest structure–function-performance relationship when used in supercapacitors and is then extended to overcome problems in compact rechargeable lithium/sodium/potassium batteries. Special concerns about cycling stability, fast charging and safety in compact batteries are discussed in detail. Strategies for compact energy storage ranging from materials to electrodes to batteries are reviewed here to provide guidance for how to produce a compact high energy battery by densifying the electrodes using customized carbon structures. |
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| Keywords: | Compact energy storage Volumetric energy density Batteries Carbon Graphene |
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