An anisotropic reference matrix for image steganography |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Engineering Research Center for ICH Digitalization and Multi-source Information Fusion, (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350300, China;2. Department of Electronic Engineering, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, Taiwan;3. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;1. Electronics Research Institute, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-8639, Tehran, Iran;2. EE Department of Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-8639, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | A lot of image steganographic techniques (also called data hiding) conceal secret data by utilizing a reference matrix (RM), and some new types of RMs, such as the turtle shell, an octagon-shaped shell, the Sudoku table, and so on, have been proposed in recent years. In this article, we present a novel type of RM called anisotropic RM. By employing a full search strategy, we have found the optimal parameters for constructing the anisotropic RM. To judge the performance of a parameter set quickly, a theoretical peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) evaluation method is proposed. In addition, we extend the RM to three-dimensional (3D) space. Experimental results show that our data hiding scheme, based on the anisotropic RM, has a better quality stego image than previous methods. Moreover, the 3D RM works better than the traditional 2D RM using the same embedding capacity. |
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| Keywords: | Anisotropic reference matrix Data hiding Steganography Visual quality Embedding capacity |
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