一种基于CCD图像传感器的杨氏弹性模量测量方法

测量杨氏弹性模量是大学物理实验的一个重要实验,也是材料力学中衡量固体材料抗形变能力的重要物理量,还是选定机械构件材料的依据之一和工程技术中常用的参数.杨氏弹性模量通常用镜尺法进行测量,此方法的系统误差较大,根据近千份实验报告统计,其相对误差达5%。本文介绍一种新的杨氏弹性模量测量方法。该方法利用激光束照射光杠杆镜面,用高灵敏度的线型固态CCD图像传感器自动接受激光光束偏转方位来取代传统的依靠人眼从望远镜读数中获取数据的方法,实现了过程自动化,从而消除了测量过程中所产生的人为因素的影响。该方法实验测量杨氏弹性模量的相对误差为0.88%,大大提高了测量精度。这一技术可直接运用于有关材料的杨氏模量测量,并将传统的物理实验改进成了一个有意义的集设计、研究、综合于一体的实验。

A Method for Measuring Young's Elastic Modulus Based on CCD Image Sensor

The measurement of Young's Elastic Modulus is an important experiment among the physics experiments at university.The Young's Elastic Modulus is an important physical quantity for measuring the anti-deformation ability of solid materials,one of the considerations for selecting mechanical part materials and also a common parameter in engineering technologies.In tradition,the Young's Elastic Modulus is often measured by the mirror and scale method which has a relative error of 5%.In this paper, a new method for measuring Young's Elastic Modulus is presented.The method directs a laser beam to the mirror face of an optical lever and then uses a linear sold-state CCD image sensor to automatically receive the deflection direction of the laser beam instead of obtaining the data from telescope readings by the eye.Thus,the automation of the procedure is achieved and the effects due to the artificial factors in measurement is eliminated.The method has a relative error of 0.88%.It can be directly used to measure the Young's Elastic Modulus of some materials and can be used to turn the traditional physics experiment into a significant test which integrates design with research.