Composition of fatty acids and structure of triglycerides in medium and low erucic acid rapeseed |
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Authors: | R Zadernowski F Sosulski |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Engineering and Food Biotechnology, Olsztyn, Poland;(2) University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada |
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Abstract: | Total triglycerides in medium (MEAR) and low (LEAR) erucic acid cultivars of rapeseed were fractionated by argentation chromatography
into twelve and ten fractions, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the fatty acids in the triglyceride fractions and
their 2-monoglycerides was used to evaluate the structural characteristics of the individual fractions. Fractionation occurred
on the basis of degree of unsaturation, molecular weight and positional characteristics. The most mobile fractions contained
34–50% of saturated fatty acids while the less mobile had 59–65% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the medium erucic acid
oil, long chain fatty acids (C20–C22) were found in all fractions, but four fractions of low erucic acid oil were essentially
free of long chain acids. Two of these fractions in the latter oil, which represented 44% of the total triglycerides, were
glycerol trioleate and dioleoyllinoleoylglycerol. The majority of the 2-positions were occupied by unsaturated C18 fatty acids,
generally in the order of linoleic ≥linolenic> oleic acids. The saturated and long chain fatty acids occurred predominantly
in the 1-and 3-positions. The various fractions of medium and low erucic acid oils were similar in structural composition
except that eicosenoic and erucic acids substituted for oleic acid in some external positions. Erucic acid did not appear
to substitute directly for oleic acid in the 2-position. |
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