In situ observations of catalyst dynamics during surface-bound carbon nanotube nucleation |
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Authors: | Hofmann Stephan Sharma Renu Ducati Caterina Du Gaohui Mattevi Cecilia Cepek Cinzia Cantoro Mirco Pisana Simone Parvez Atlus Cervantes-Sodi Felipe Ferrari Andrea C Dunin-Borkowski Rafal Lizzit Silvano Petaccia Luca Goldoni Andrea Robertson John |
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Affiliation: | Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK. sh315@cam.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | We present atomic-scale, video-rate environmental transmission electron microscopy and in situ time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of surface-bound catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. We observe that transition metal catalyst nanoparticles on SiOx support show crystalline lattice fringe contrast and high deformability before and during nanotube formation. A single-walled carbon nanotube nucleates by lift-off of a carbon cap. Cap stabilization and nanotube growth involve the dynamic reshaping of the catalyst nanocrystal itself. For a carbon nanofiber, the graphene layer stacking is determined by the successive elongation and contraction of the catalyst nanoparticle at its tip. |
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